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“What Do We Know about Hope in Nursing Care?”: A Synthesis of Concept Analysis Studies
Publication . Antunes, Mónica; Laranjeira, Carlos; Querido, Ana; Charepe, Zaida
Hope is a central concept within the nursing literature, which is crucial towards the development of nursing knowledge. Nursing teams play a crucial role in exploring the meaning of hope and promoting hope among patients and their families. This study aims to synthesize concept analysis studies of hope in the context of nursing care and to propose an evidence-based update of the definition of hope in the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP®). Method: This is a literature review, involving the synthesis of studies concerning the concept analysis of hope in nursing practice. Peer-reviewed articles with fully accessible Portuguese or English text were considered. As we aimed to include a historical perspective of the concept, no restriction upon the time of publication was set. Articles were selected in March 2022 and updated in July 2023 using the Medline, CINAHL, and Scopus databases. The search terms used were “hope” AND “concept” AND “analysis” AND “nurs*”. Only articles written in English or Portuguese were included. Two reviewers conducted the research synthesis and report independently to minimize the risk of bias in the included studies. This paper adheres to the PRISMA checklist. To clarify the concept of hope as perceived by patients and develop hope as an evidence-based nursing concept, 13 studies were reviewed. The concept of hope, its attributes, antecedents, and consequences, as well as similar concepts, were studied by nurses and synthesized into a definition. The identified antecedents include pivotal life events, stressful stimuli, and experiencing satisfaction with life. The analysis of its attributes, antecedents, and consequences has contributed to understanding its relevance in nursing care and provided a proposed update of hope in the ICNP®. This review provides conceptual clarity on how hope is defined and used in nursing practice and the potential factors that may impact the promotion of hope to provide opportunities for future nursing research.
Fair Value and Corporate Taxation: Out through the Door, Back through the Window?
Publication . Martins, António; Sá, Cristina; Taborda, Daniel
The progressive harmonization of corporate financial information, based on the International Financial Reporting Standards, has moved fair value accounting (FVA) to the forefront of a debate that straddles accounting and corporate tax. Given the subjectivism that FVA may exhibit, especially when mark to market is not available and mark to model is used as in level 3 FVA, tax legislators have strongly restricted its impact on the corporate tax base. This paper argues that while the Portuguese corporate tax legislators explicitly followed this worldwide trend of restricting the tax impact of fair value to certain circumstances when market prices are observable (level 1 FVA), the corporate tax code has, nonetheless, several important avenues through which FVA influences taxable income determination. The main purpose of this paper is to present and discuss some important ways through which FVA may influence taxable income determination in Portugal, such as goodwill, impairment charges, transfer pricing, capital gains and exit taxation. Thus, the question emerges: is FVA returning through the window to impact the corporate tax base? Considering the global trends in public finance, and the need for present and future tax revenues, we believe this is an important topic to be addressed.
Normality for monoid monomorphisms
Publication . Martins-Ferreira, Nelson; Sobral, Manuela
In the category of monoids we characterize monomorphisms that are normal, in an appropriate sense, to internal reflexive relations, preorders or equivalence relations. The zero-classes of such internal relations are first described in terms of convenient syntactic relations associated to them and then through the adjunctions associated with the corresponding normalization functors. The largest categorical equivalences induced by these adjunctions provide equivalences between the categories of relations generated by their zero-classes and the ones of monomorphisms that we suggest to call normal with respect to the internal relations considered. This idea, although being transverse to the literature in the field, has not in our opinion been presented and explored in full generality. The existence of adjoints to the normalization functors permits developing a theory of normal monomorphisms, thus extending many results from groups and protomodular categories to monoids and unital categories.
Self-care Needs for Symptom Management and Medication in Elderly Person and Skills of Informal Caregiver to Care Him
Publication . Dixe, Maria dos Anjos; Vaz, Ana Maria; Grilo, Eugénia Nunes
Inadequate evaluation and support for dependent elderly people and their caregivers and health service practices often not adequate to the needs of elderly dependents and their caregivers justify a greater investment in this dyad.
This study aims to evaluate the clinical and self-care needs in the management of symptoms and medication of the elderly dependent people; relate their needs to self-care in medication and symptom management with sex and age; to assess the socio-demographic characteristics family and capacities to care for their relatives in the self-management of symptoms and medication management and to value the information received on how to manage the symptoms and medication and the professional who transmitted them. A correlational study of 135 dependent elderly and their informal caregivers through a face-to-face interview consisting of characterization variables and cause of dependence, self-care needs assessment in symptom management and medication.
Most of dependent elderly were women, mean age 83.4 ± 6.7 years and the main cause of dependence were respiratory diseases. Informal caregivers were mostly female, daughters, mean age of 59.1 ± 15.5 years. It was found that on average women were less dependent than men on self-care. Most informal caregivers considered that they were given the necessary information regarding symptom and medication management. Nurses were the professionals who provided them more information.
We concluded that this study brought relevant information regarding the dependent elderly and their caregivers in the identification of their difficulties and adequate information about the best way to manage these difficulties.
Effectiveness of double-puncture temporomandibular joint arthrocentesis with viscosupplementation in different categories of severity – a prospective study
Publication . Ângelo, David Faustino; Sanz, David; Cardoso, Henrique José
This 3-year prospective study evaluated the efficacy of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) arthrocentesis with viscosupplementation in different severity stages based on the Dimitroulis classification (categories 2–4 were included). TMJ arthrocentesis was performed under local anaesthesia, and the protocol consisted of a double-puncture technique with lavage of ≥150 cc Ringer Lactate plus viscosupplementation. Incobotulinum toxin A was administered 10–15 days preoperatively in patients with concomitant masticatory myalgia. The primary outcome was TMJ pain, assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS, 0–10), and the secondary outcomes were the maximum mouth opening (MMO, mm) and myalgia degree (0–3). All outcomes were assessed on the intervention day (T0) and after the procedure (T1) (minimum 1 month and then 3 months, 6 months, 1 year and every year since). A total of 108 patients were enrolled (mean age of 43.1 ± 18.9 years); 86 (80%) were women and 22 (20%) were men. Preoperative pain was 4.02 ± 3.12 (mean ± SD), MMO was 38.10 ± 9.56 (mean ± SD) and myalgia degree was 1.80 ± 1.18 (mean ± SD). After an average of 215.4 days (31–1253 days), a statistically significant improvement of pain (P < 0.0001), MMO (P = 0.005) and myalgia degree (P < 0.0001) was observed. The overall successful outcome of TMJ arthrocentesis with viscosupplementation was 76%. The authors observed increased arthrocentesis effectiveness and success rate with viscosupplementation in Dimitroulis category 2 (88.6%) compared to 3–4 (71.4%). An association was found between arthrocentesis with viscosupplementation failure and painful myalgia (ρ = 0.477; P < 0.0001). Thirteen patients (12%) underwent a second TMJ intervention after finalising the present trial. With a low complication rate, TMJ arthrocentesis with viscosupplementation led to an overall benefit for all the included patients. This study reinforces the important role of minimally invasive TMJ arthrocentesis as a first treatment option, with better results in the early stages compared to more severe stages.