Percorrer por autor "Cunha, Helena Margarida Pereira"
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- Effectiveness of Nursing Interventions on Preventing the Risk of Infection in Adult Inpatients: Protocol for a Systematic ReviewPublication . Todo Bom, Luís Filipe Pereira; Mata, Ema Soraia Fazenda; Cunha, Helena Margarida Pereira; Marquês, Maria do Céu Mendes Pinto; Dixe, Maria dos AnjosBackground/Objectives: Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are a major global public health concern, significantly impacting patient safety and healthcare quality. These infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality rates, prolonged hospital stays, and increased healthcare costs. Nurses play a critical role in infection prevention, implementing evidence-based interventions to reduce infection risks. This systematic review aims to identify and synthesize the most effective nursing interventions to prevent HAIs in hospitalized adults, analyzing their variability across different clinical settings and populations. Methods: This systematic review follows the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology for systematic reviews of effectiveness and is reported according to PRISMA guidelines. The protocol is registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42024582820). This review includes randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and observational studies (cohort, case-control, and cross-sectional) assessing the effectiveness of nursing interventions in reducing HAIs. A comprehensive search is conducted in the PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases. Study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment are performed by two independent reviewers, with disagreements resolved by a third reviewer. Results: The primary outcomes include reductions in HAI incidence rate, increased adherence to preventive interventions, decreased hospital length of stay, reduced readmission rates due to infections, and overall patient safety improvements. A meta-analysis is conducted when feasible; otherwise, results are synthesized narratively. Conclusions: The findings of this review contribute to the standardization of evidence-based nursing practices for HAI prevention, promoting safer healthcare environments. By identifying the most effective interventions, this study aims to support healthcare professionals and policymakers in implementing targeted infection control strategies.
- Effectiveness of nursing interventions on preventing the risk of infection in hospitalized adults: a systematic reviewPublication . Bom, Luís Filipe Pereira Todo; Mata, Ema Soraia Fazenda; Cunha, Helena Margarida Pereira; Santos, Ana Rita Melo; Pereira, Ana Sofia Ferreira; Castanheira, Joana Antunes; Dixe, Maria dos Anjos Coelho Rodrigues; Marquês, Maria do CéuBackground Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) remain a global challenge for patient safety and quality of care, affecting millions of individuals each year and resulting in substantial morbidity, mortality, and financial burden. In Europe alone, over 4.2 million episodes of HAI occur annually. Nurses play a pivotal role in infection prevention through the implementation of evidence-based interventions aimed at disrupting transmission chains and reducing infection risk. Despite the widespread dissemination of preventive strategies, marked heterogeneity persists in their implementation and effectiveness, influenced by institutional, behavioural, and contextual factors. Objective To critically evaluate the effectiveness of nursing interventions in preventing infection risk among hospitalised adults through a systematic review of the literature. Methods A systematic review of Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs) was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology and PRISMA 2020 guidelines, with prior registration in PROSPERO (CRD42024582820). Searches were performed across MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library up to January 2025. Methodological quality was assessed using JBI critical appraisal tools, and the certainty of the evidence was rated using the GRADE approach. Given the heterogeneity of the included studies, a narrative synthesis was undertaken. Results Out of 8,123 records identified, 22 RCTs (1979–2024) met the inclusion criteria. Nursing interventions, including daily body bathing with chlorhexidine, prevention bundles for catheters and other devices, promotion of hand hygiene, educational strategies, and environmental disinfection (e.g. ultraviolet-C light) demonstrated a significant reduction in HAI incidence compared with usual care. Multimodal and integrated interventions proved more effective than isolated measures. The overall certainty of evidence was moderate for infection reduction and adherence improvement, but inconsistent for patient mortality and satisfaction outcomes. Conclusions Evidence-based nursing interventions, particularly when applied in a coordinated and multimodal manner, substantially reduce infection risk among hospitalised adults. These findings support the integration of such interventions into institutional programmes and infection control policies. Further multicentre RCTs are recommended to assess implementation fidelity, cost-effectiveness, and patient-centred outcomes.
- Intervenções não farmacológicas no controlo da dor no pós-operatórioPublication . Cunha, Helena Margarida Pereira; Lobão, Catarina Alexandra Rodrigues FariaA dor é uma das principais causas de sofrimento humano, comprometendo a qualidade de vida das pessoas, interferindo no seu bem-estar físico e psicossocial. Com esta investigação pretende-se dar visibilidade às intervenções autónomas de enfermagem na monitorização, controlo e gestão da dor, dando resposta aos seguintes objetivos: i) caracterizar as atitudes dos enfermeiros face ao uso das medidas não farmacológicas, utilizadas pela equipa de enfermagem de um Hospital privado da Zona Centro no controlo da dor, no período pós-operatório; ii) descrever as vantagens e desvantagens percecionadas pelos enfermeiros na utilização das medidas não farmacológicas no controlo da dor no pós-operatório; iii) construir um protocolo de intervenção não farmacológica, no controlo da dor pós-operatória. Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo, recorrendo ao Focus Group, com uma amostra intencional de enfermeiros, que permitiu a construção de um protocolo de intervenção não farmacológica no controlo da dor. Observou-se que é feita uma avaliação inadequada da dor por parte dos profissionais de saúde, incluindo a avaliação inicial, e a exploração das medidas a utilizar no alívio e controlo da dor, sendo as medidas não farmacológicas utilizadas em complemento. A reduzida implementação das medidas não farmacológicas, deve-se a constrangimentos, de campo de ação cognitivo; físico e de recursos humanos. Os benefícios na implementação destas medidas, são a nível de comunicação em enfermagem, a nível de gastos reduzidos no serviço nacional de saúde e a nível de aplicabilidade, dando autonomia à pessoa doente, no controlo da sua dor. O protocolo elaborado, promove a qualidade em enfermagem, na gestão da dor pós-operatória, bem como sensibiliza a utilização das medidas não farmacológicas em combinação com as farmacologias, sendo também um modo de registo das mesmas.