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- 12. ConclusionPublication . Gkonou, Christina; Dewaele, Jean-Marc; Daubney, Mark; Gkonou; Daubney; DewaeleIn this final chapter we would like to bring together the main themes emerging from all contributions to this volume in terms of recent developments in theorising about language anxiety, empirically investigating it and suggesting practical ideas for addressing it. As many authors in this anthology have acknowledged, research into language anxiety is not new to the field of second language acquisition (SLA) (cf. Horwitz, 2010). In this sense, the present volume could be viewed as a compilation of new insights into language anxiety which, taken together, are indicative of a need to broaden the agenda on three fronts: theory, research and practice. In what follows we discuss what we feel are the most salient themes with regard to language anxiety and these three aspects.
- 2USE: Observação Participante num Projeto de Cocriação da InovaçãoPublication . Fernandes, Isabel; Fragata, NunoCocriar implica criar em conjunto e envolve um processo interativo de aprendizagem. Num contexto de grande complexidade ou de necessidade de planear ações futuras, trabalhar colaborativamente permite desenvolver competências e adquirir novos conhecimentos. O Design, como território onde se trabalha com o imprevisto, com uma diversidade de questões, com problemas complexos e com utilizadores de objetos e serviços, pode encontrar no trabalho colaborativo de co-criação formas criativas, eficazes e eficientes de ultrapassar as etapas do processo metodológico, sem que os intervenientes percam a sua individualidade. O valor dos inputs de cada um dos intervenientes são únicos, construtivos, integrados numa situação real e podem envolver, tanto aspetos sociais ou culturais (de identidade), como económicos, políticos, ambientais ou outros.
- 3D shape prior active contours for an automatic segmentation of a patient specific femur from a CT scanPublication . Almeida, D.; Folgado, J.; Fernandes, P.R.; Ruben, RuiThe following paper describes a novel approach to a medical image segmentation problem. The fully automated computational procedure receives as input images from CT scan exams of the human femur and returns a three dimensional representation of the bone. This patient specific iterative approach is based in 3D active contours without edges, implemented over a level set framework, on which the evolution of the contour depends on local image parameters which can easily be defined by the user but also on a priori information about the volume to segment. This joint approach will lead to an optimal solution convergence of the iterative method. The resulting point cloud can be an excellent starting point for a Finite Element mesh generation and analysis or the basis for a stereolitography for example.
- 3D Video Representation and CodingPublication . Faria, Sergio M.M.; Debono, Carl J.; Nunes, Paulo; M. M. Rodrigues, NunoThe technologies which allow an immersive user experience in 3D environments are rapidly evolving and new services have emerged in various fields of application. Most of these services require the use of 3D video, combined with appropriate display systems. As a consequence, research and development in 3D video continues attracting sustained interest. While stereoscopic viewing is already widely spread, namely in TV and gaming, new displays and applications, such as FTV (Free viewpoint TV), require the use of a larger number of views. Hence, the multiview video format was considered, which uses N views, corresponding to the images captured by N cameras (either real or virtual), with a controlled spatial arrangement. In order to avoid a linear escalation of the bitrate, associated with the use of multiple views, video-plus-depth formats have been proposed. A small number of texture and depth video sequences are used to synthesize intermediate texture views at a different space position, through a depth-image-based rendering (DIBR) technique. This technology allows the use of advanced stereoscopic display processing and to improve support for high-quality autostereoscopic multiview displays. In order to provide a true 3D content and fatigue-free 3D visualization, holoscopic imaging has been introduced as an acquisition and display solution. However, efficient coding schemes for this particular type of content are needed to enable proper storage and delivery of the large amount of data involved in these systems, which is also addressed in this chapter.
- À procura de um lugar na Europa: o território e o património nos discursos sobre Leiria e as suas regiõesPublication . Magalhães, Fernando Paulo Oliveira
- Abandono das Tecnologias de Apoio para a comunicação em meio familiar: capacitação de cuidadores — uma solução possívelPublication . Almeida, Ivone; Moreira, António; Ribeiro, Jaime; Décio Nascimento Guimarães; Douglas Christian Ferrari de Melo; Ribeiro, Jaime MoreiraIntrodução É indubitável que as Tecnologias de Apoio4 (TA) promovem a comunicação, a independência pessoal e social e a inclusão de crianças com limitações cognitivo-motoras. As TA para as crianças com diversidade funcional são uma ferramenta de ação fundamental, permitindo-lhes participar numa base de equidade nos ambientes em que se inserem. Podem contribuir para aumentar a motivação, o sentido de pertença ao grupo e aumentar a produtividade na sala de aula e em casa.
- O abandono de crianças : os expostos nos finais do séc. XIX em LeiriaPublication . Pereira, M. Emília da Rocha
- Abre o chapéu que está a chover: Se apanhas o vírus estamos tramados!Publication . Vieira, Ricardo; CICS.NOVA.IPLeiria e ESECS.IPLO Sr. Albino estava institucionalizado, há cinco anos, num lar de idosos próximo da sua residência. 2020 trouxe ao Sr. Albino, a quem tinha sido diagnosticado Parkinson, uma vida mais isolada dentro do lar. Com o Covid-19, a ausência do filho nas visitas de fim de semana e a sua ida semanal à sua casa terminaram. O maior isolamento contribuiu para o agravamento da sua surdez. Agora já não conseguia entender o que o filho lhe dizia durante a semana, nas videochamadas que lhe passou a fazer. A estratégia compensatória, que é descrita nesta comunicação, passava por apresentar palavras-chave que o Sr. Albino lia no computador-recetor através das quais conseguia começar uma conversa, fazer perguntas ou dar respostas. Quando, mais tarde, no verão de 2020, começou a ter visitas presenciais, a separação continuou grande pois o vidro que o separava do exterior aumentava ainda mais a dificuldade de audição. De novo as palavras-chave que lhe faziam sentido e o permitiam entender e desenvolver alguma conversa. Contudo, nem assim foi possível compreender verdadeiramente a razão daquela impossibilidade de sair e ir a sua casa, com alguma regularidade, tal como anteriormente. O filho falava-lhe duma gripe forte. Ele dizia que não estava gripado. A lista das palavras-chave passaram a integrar “Gripe Mundial”, “Gripe Global”... Mesmo assim o Sr. Albino nunca entendeu o verdadeiro significado da pandemia com que nos deparamos atualmente. Certo dia, numa dessas visitas separadas pelo vidro, começou a chover e o sr. Albino alertou o filho para a chuva e disse: “Abre o chapéu que está a chover... Se apanhas o vírus estamos tramados! Quem é que depois trata de mim?”. Esta comunicação apresenta algumas dessas vivências, formas de convivência e de sobrevivência experienciadas pelo Sr. Albino e pela sua família.
- Accessibility in Software Engineering: Pursuing the Mainstream from a ClassroomPublication . Silva, João; Gonçalves, Ramiro; Martins, José; Branco, Frederico; Pereira, AntónioThough equal access to all digital devices, content and applications should be ensured by default in the Digital Age, reality has yet to match this ideal, despite the numerous efforts to raise awareness of the problem. For the visually impaired, the existence of e-accessibility issues represents a barrier that, in the majority of situations, cannot be overcome. Nevertheless, this group of individuals still insists on using digital devices, to carry out tasks from their daily lives, such as reading and writing e-mails, reading news and weather websites, and using social networks. This assumption has been validated through a survey completed by 29 blind or partially sighted individuals. Considering that the lack of depth of knowledge in developers constitutes one of the most significant constraints to the development of accessibility software and digital content, the proposal for “slide 0” to be included as an educational resource, when developers are learning how to engineer software, is discussed later in the paper. This contribution, if precisely focused on the various types of software projects, would represent a novel addition to the existing scientific literature, but also a comprehensive aid to the inclusion of e-accessibility when lecturing experts on software engineering.
- Accounting for dissimilarities in hospitality costs among Portuguese regionsPublication . Tourita, Íris; Gomes, Conceição; Lima Santos, Luís; Malheiros, CátiaHospitality industry is characterized by some specificities such as high fixed costs, labour intensive and intensive capital. All of these implies a unique cost structure that will be different from the other industries. A large share of operating costs in the hospitality industry is fixed costs, including labour costs. Those differences will imply a divergence in the use management accounting techniques so that manager decisions will be better. The hotel performance diverges according the location and the cost structure has got a great influence in the company’s performance. It is also known that competition influence the enterprises costs, and the hospitality competition is diverse among Portuguese regions. Therefore, it could be asked if the cost structure varies according to location of the hotel company. Data was collected on July 4, 2019, on the SABI platform and the sample is composed by 1808 hotel companies registered in Portugal with two economic activity codes (CAE), “55111 - Hotels with restaurant” and “55121 - Hotels without restaurant”. The cost structure was analysed in the 2010-2017 period through the costs presented in income statement. The findings provide current trends about hospitality industry cost structure and the evolution between 2010 and 2017. In Portugal, in general terms, supplies and external services have got the largest share of the cost structure. In addition, an inter-comparison region was made, which determined that cost structure is significantly different. In fact, supplies and external services, labour cost, cost of goods sold, and materials consumed, and depreciation have a different weight among the Portuguese regions.